HOD's Profile : Department of Zoology
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NAME Adiaha Alda Alex UGWUMBA Academic and Professional Qualifications B.Sc.(Hons) (Ibadan), M.Sc. (Lagos), Ph.D.(Ibadan)
PROFESSOR Area of Specialisation Fisheries & Aquaculture, Environmental Pollution Office Office: Block B Room 9, Department of Zoology, University Of Ibadan. Tel: 08023416143, 07035649595 |
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aaa.ugwumba@mail.ui.edu.ng |
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Current (Research) Projects/Activities
RESEARCH: (a) Completed:
i) Fish Biology:
The study on food and feeding habits of the juveniles of some cultivable fish species in the coastal waters of Lagos and Akwa Ibom States, Nigeria provided knowledge on the dietary requirements of the juvenile fish in nature. Information gathered also serves as guide in the selection and controlled rearing of live food organisms for juvenile fish during culture. Length-weight relationship, food habits and fecundity of non-cichlid fishes in Lekki Lagoon, Nigeria. Information on the food habits revealed a successful utilization of the available food resources in the lagoon by the fishes. The good condition of the species revealed from the length-weight relationships is not only evidence that the fishes were feeding well but also points towards suitability of the lagoon. The species were generally highly fecund, ensuring a possible steady recruitment of the non-cichlid stocks.
Aspects of the biology of Oreochromis niloticus, Sarotherodon melanotheron and Heterotis niloticus in Awba Reservoir, Ibadan. These works revealed the niches of these species within the fish community of the reservoir. That S. melanotheron a brackish water cichlid adapted to permanent freshwater conditions in the reservoir points towards a successful culture in a completely freshwater environment. Data on the biochemical compositions of, energy levels, absorption of natural food as well activities of the digestive enzymes in the alimentary canal provided base-line information useful in artificial feed formulation for the species during their culture.
Aspects of the biology of African pike, Hepsetus odoe in Ado-Ekiti Reservoir, Ado-Ekiti, revealed that the species is a non seasonal spawner with peak spawning in the late rainy season and mid-dry season, with a mean age of 3years in the reservoir. Abundance of its major fish prey (tilapias) in the reservoir coupled with its relatively high fecundity and non-seasonal spawning will ensure steady recruitment of the species in the reservoir.
All the information gathered from these studies on the food and feeding habits and feeding interrelationships, age and growth as well as reproduction are very useful for rational exploitation of the various species in their various habitats. From all the completed studies on the Fish Biology came the following publications – 3-6, 8, 10, 11, 21 and 40.
ii) Fish Nutrition: Studies on the nutrient composition, energy levels and absorption of the food consumed in the wild as well as digestive enzymes in the alimentary canal of some culturable fish species including tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus, Sarotherodon, melanotheron, S. galilaeus & Tilapia zillii), mudcatfish (Clarias gariepinus), silver catfish (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus) and the African bony tongue (Heterotis niloticus) provided base-line information useful in artificial feed formulation for these species during their culture. Publications 2, 7, 12, 14, 48 and 50 are on fish nutrition.
iii) Aquaculture: Fingerling Production: Areas along the Nigerian coastal waters from Lagos to the Niger Delta where fingerlings of various culturable species could be collected were identified. Efficacy of synthetic leuteinizing hormone-releasing-hormone analogue (ovaprim) in artificial induction of reproduction in mud catfish was successfully determined. Artificial Feeds for Fish. Supplementary feeding is known to boost fish growth during culture. Supplementation with cheap, available, yet adequate materials otherwise known as non-conventional fish feed ingredients is an innovation that significantly reduces running cost of any fish culture enterprise. We have shown that maggot, earthworm, palm grub and snail are best used as supplementary foods for fish and that they can optimally replace 25-75% of fish protein in formulated fish diets. The Ph.D Thesis by Dr. Olukayode Amos SOGBESAN from this research on the use of these non-conventional fish feed ingredients won the Best Ph.D Thesis Award in Biological Science within the Nigeria University System in 2007, under the Nigerian Universities Doctoral Thesis Award Scheme (NUDTAS) of The Nigerian Universities Commission.
The following publications are on aquaculture - 13, 16-19, 22-27, 30- 32, 34, 41, 42, 46 and 47
iv) Fish Processing:
In an attempt to reduce post-harvest loss of fish in the artisanal fisheries sector, we designed and evaluated the Improved Local Box Oven. This oven is an improvement on the traditional local Box Oven commonly used for fish smoking in the coastal areas of Ogun State, Nigeria. The main improvement in this oven is introduction of stacking of smoking trays which not only increased the quantity of fish that can be smoked at a time but also increased smoking efficiency. This oven competes favourably with other improved traditional smoking kilns like Chorkor Oven and it is affordable by the local fisher folks. Publication 49 is from this research.
v) Environmental Biology/Pollution:
Limnological assessment of Upper Ogun River at Isheri-Olofin, Lagos (that receives abattoir effluents) and Okpoka Creek in Niger Delta (polluted with crude oil) revealed reduction in biodiversity and unsafe water for human consumption, which call for necessary remedy measures. Similar studies in Egbe Reservoir, Egbe Ekiti, and Magidun River, Ikorodu, Lagos showed that the former is tending towards organic pollution and the latter is adversely impacted by sand mining in its lower course, hence the need for preventive measures. Publications 9, 20, 28, 29, 33, 32 and 37
(b) In Progress:
i) Fish Biology: The biology and artificial reproduction of knife fishes from Lekki Lagoon, Nigeria. The interest in this project is to provide vital information necessary for successful use of local ornamental species in aquaria culture in Nigeria. The biology and biochemical properties of the African Sicklefish, Drepane africana is aimed at providing useful information for rational exploitation
ii) Aquaculture: In line with reducing the cost of feeding fish during culture, a project on economics of production, processing techniques and utilization of maggot meal in the diet of mudcatfish is sponsored by Agricultural Research Council of Nigeria (ARCN) under the Competitive Agricultural Research Grant Scheme (CARGS). Another project commenced in 2012 on the economics of mass production of earthworms and their utilization in the diet of mudcatfish.
iii) Environmental Biology/Pollution: A Ph.D project commenced in 2012 on limnological assessment to determine the health status of Lokpa Reservoir, Ivo Local Government Area, Eboyi State, Nigeria.
c) Dissertation and Thesis: B. Sc. Dissertation (University of Ibadan): Ekpo, A. E. A. (1979). A comparative study of the biology of Sitophilus zeamais Motch (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) and Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) in stored maize. 47p
M. Sc. Dissertation (University of Lagos): Ekpo, A. E. A. (1982). Length-weight relationship, food habits and fecundity of non-cichlid fishes of Lekki Lagoon, Nigeria. 153p
Ph. D. Thesis (University of Ibadan): Ugwumba, A. A. A. (1990). Food and feeding ecology of Oreochromis niloticus, Sarotherodon melanotheron and Heterotis niloticus (Pisces: Osteichthyes) in Awba Reservoir, Ibadan. 395p.
XI. PUBLICATIONS:
(i) BOOK ALREADY PUBLISHED:
(ii) ARTICLES THAT HAVE ALREADY APPEARED IN LEARNED JOURNALS:
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF00005949
ecology of the mormyrids of Lekki Lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria. Nig. J. Nat. Sc. 5: (1): 38-46.
(Teleostei: Osteoglossidae) in a small tropical man-made lake in Ibadan, Nigeria. J. Afri. Zool.106:113-123.
Sarotherodon melanotheron (Ruppell) in a small fresh water reservoir in Ibadan Nigeria. Arch. Hydrobiol. 124(3): 367-382.
bony-tongue Heterotis niloticus (Pisces: Osteoglossidae). Hydrobiologia 257: 95-100. www.springerlink.com/index/203663Q715243026.pdf
tilapia, Sarotherodon melanotheron (Ruppell) in a tropical freshwater lake. Nig. J. Res. Rev. Sc.1: 12-25.
hydrology and plankton of Awba Lake, Ibadan, Nigeria. Fish Acadbiz Comm. 1(1&2): 20-39.
10. Ugwumba, O.A. Ugwumba A.A.A. and Onuh, C.I.O. (1993). Studies on the gonads of Heterotis niloticus (Curvier) in a small tropical man-made lake. Fish Acabiz comm.1 (1-2): 5-19. 11. Ugwumba, A.A.A. and Kusemiji, K. (1994). The food and feeding habits of the non-cichlid fishes in the Lekki Lagoon, Nigeria. Nig. J. Sc. 28(4):281-384. 12. Ugwumba,A.A.A. (1996).Absorption of food in Heterotis niloticus(Pisces: Osteo- glossidae from a small tropical man-made lake in Ibadan, Nigeria. Hydrobiologia 330:55-58. www.springerlink.com/index/w226347502206513.pdf13. Ugwumba, A.A.A., Ugwumba O.A. and Okunola A.O. (2001). Utilization of live maggot as supplementary feed on the growth of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell,1822) fingerlings. Nig. J. Sc. 35 (1): 1-7. 14. Ugwumba A.A.A. (2001). Absorption of food in the black-jaw tilapia Sarotherodon melanotheron (Ruppell) from a small tropical man-made lake in Ibadan. Nigeria. Nig. J. Sc. 35 (1): 9-14. www.aquaticcommons.org/3704/1/14P156.pdf 15. Ugwumba, A.A.A. (2002). Digestive strategies in the black-jaw tilapia, Sarotherodon melanotheron from Awba Reservoir, Ibadan. The Zoologist 1(1): 46-60. 16. Akinwande, A.A., Ugwumba, A.A.A. and Ugwumba, O.A. (2002). Effects of replacement of fish meal with maggot meal in the diet of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) fingerlings. The Zoologist 1(2):41-49. 17. Ugwumba, O.A. and Ugwumba, A.A.A. (2003). Aquaculture options and the future of fish supply in Nigeria. The Zoologist 2:96-122. 18. Nweke, S. U. and Ugwumba, A. A. A. (2005). Effects of replacement of fishmeal with duckweed (Lemna paucicostata) meal on the growth of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) fingerlings. Nig. J. Sc. 39: 1-11. http://sciencenigeria.org/index.php/technological-ecological-science/ 19. Sogbesan, A. O, Ajuonu, N.D., Ugwumba, A.A.A. and Madu, C.T. (2005) Cost /benefits maggot meal as supplemented feed in the diet of Heterobranchus longifilis x Clarias gariepinus fingerlings in outdoor tanks. Journal of Scientific and Industrial Studies 3(2):51-55. 20. Idowu, E. O. and Ugwumba, A. A. A. (2005). Physical, chemical and benthic Faunal characteristics of a southern Nigeria reservoir. The Zoologist 3: 15-25. http://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajb/article/viewFile/58867/47186 21. Idowu, E. O. and Ugwumba, A. A. A. (2006). The food and feeding habit of African pike, Hepsetus odoe (Bloch, 1974) (Osteichthyes: Hepsetidae) in Ado-Ekiti Reservoir, Nigeria. The Zoologist 4: 7-17. 22. Konyeme, E.J., Sogbesan, A.O. and Ugwumba, A.A.A. (2006). Nutritive Potential of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) meal as plant protein supplements in the diet of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822; Pisces: Clariidae) fingerlings. African Scientists 7(3):127-130. www.klobex.org/journals/afs/afs7/afs730506005.pdf 23. Sogbesan, A.O., Ugwumba, A.A.A. and Madu, C.T. (2006). Nutritive Potentials and utilization of Garden Snail (Limicolaria aurora, Jay,1937; Gastropoda: Limicolaria) meat meal in the diet of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings (Burchell, 1822). African Journal of Biotechnology 5(20):1999-2003. http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB/contents/2006cont/16Oct.htm 24. Sogbesan, A.O., Madu, C.T. and Ugwumba, A.A.A. (2007). Culture and Utilization of Tadpole as Animal Protein Supplement in the Diet of Heterobranchus longifilis fingerlings. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 2(5): 353-360. www.scialert.net/archivedetails.php?issn=1816-4927&issueno=10 25. Sogbesan, A.O. and Ugwumba, A.A.A (2007). Growth performance and nutrient composition of Bufo maculate (Linnaeus) tadpole fed practical diet as fish meal substitute. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 6 (18): 2177-2183. www.ajol.info/index.php/ajb/article/view/57998/46361 26. Sogbesan, A.O., Ugwumba, A.A.A. and Madu, C.T. (2007) Productivity potentials and nutritional values of semi-arid zone earthworm (Hyperiodrilus euryaulos; Clausen, 1967) cultured in organic wastes as fish meal supplement. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 10(2):409-414. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19090216 27. Akinwande, A. A., Sogbesan, O. A., Moody, F.O. and Ugwumba, A.A. A. (2007). Piscicidal potential of mesocarp of neem plant fruit Azardirachta indica (L) on fingerlings of the Mudcatfish hybrid. Journal of Environmental Biology 28(3): 533-536. www.jeb.co.in/journal_issues/200707_jul07/paper_02.pdf 28. Davies, O. A., Abolude, D.S and Ugwumba, A. A. A. (2008). Phytoplankton of the lower reaches of Okpoka Creek, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Journal of Fisheries International 3(3):70-77. www.docsdrive.com/pdfs/medwelljournals/jfish/2008/83-90.pdf 29. Davies, O. A., Ugwumba, O. A., Ugwumba, A. A. A. and Abolude, D.S. (2008). Physico-chemical quality of Trans-Amadi (Woji) Creek, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Journal of Fisheries International 3(3):91-97. http://medwelljournals.com/abstract/?doi=jfish.2008.91.97 30. Sogbesan, A.O. and Ugwumba, A.A.A. (2008). Nutritive evaluation of termite (Macrotemes subhyalinus) as animal protein supplements in the in the diet of Heterobranchus longifilis (Valenciennes, 1840) fingerlings. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 8: 149-157. www.trjfas.org/pdf/issue_8_1/149_158.pdf 31. Sogbesan, A.O. and Ugwumba, A.A.A. (2008). Nutritive values of some non- conventional animal protein feedstuffs used as fish meal supplements in aquaculture in Nigeria. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 8:158-164. www.trjfas.org/pdf/issue_8_1/159_164.pdf 32. Ayo-Olalusi, C. I. and Ugwumba, A. A. A. (2009). Influence of feeding frequencies on feed intake and nutrient utilization of juvenile Clarias gariepinus. Journal of Aquaculture Feed Sciences and Nutrition 1 (2): 39-43. http://www.docsdrive.com/pdf/medwell/joafsnu/2009/39-43pdf 33. Yakub, A. S. and Ugwumba, A. A. A. (2009). A study of the macroinvertebrate fauna of lower Ogun River at Ishasi, Ogun State, southwest Nigeria. The Zoologist 7: 65-74 http://www.ajol.info/index.php/tzool/article/view/52099 34. Ayo-Olalusi, C. I. and Ugwumba, A. A. A. (2010). Effect of feeding frequencies on growth performance of Clarias gariepinus. The Zoologist 8: 14-18. http://www.ajol.info/index.php/tzool/article/view/66693 35. Esenowo, I. K. and Ugwumba, A. A. A. (2010). Composition and Abundance of Macrobenthos in Majidun River, Ikorordu Lagos State, Nigeria. Research Journal of Biological Sciences 5 (8): 556-560 www.medwelljournals.com/abstract/?doi=rjbsci.2010.556.560n 36. Idowu, E.O. and Ugwumba, A. A. A. (2010). Using Annuli on the Opercular Bones and Scales of African Pike (Hepsetes odoe) for Age Determination in Ado Ekiti Reservoir, Nigeria. Journal of Life Science Vol: 4(7)33-38. www.cqvip.com 37. Edward, J. B. and Ugwumba, A. A. A. (2010). Development trends and evaluation of Egbe Reservoir water nutrient status in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Journal of Life Sciences 4 (1) (Serial No 26): 7-16. www. wenku.baidu.com 38. Edward, J. B. and Ugwumba, A. A. A. (2011). Macroinvertebrate fauna of a Tropical Southern Reservoir, Ekiti State, Nigeria. Continental J. Biological Sciences 4 (1): 30 – 40 http://www.wiloludjournal.com 39. Ojo T. Ifeoluwa; Adedapo O. Adeogun; Adekunle A. Bakare; Akindayo A Sowunmi; Adiaha A. A. Ugwumba and Obih Alex Ugwumba (2011). Karyotype description of six species of Clarias (Siluriformes: Clariidae) from South West Nigeria. International Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 3(4): 364-373, 2011 http://www.maxwellsci.com/print/ijava/v3-264-273.pdf 40. Oluwale, F.V., Ugwumba, A.A.A. B and Ugwumba, O.A. (2012) Morphometrics and Meristics characters food habits of the reticulate knifefish, Papyrocranus afer (Gunther, 1868) from Lekki Lagoon. Journal of Aquatic Sciences 27 (2):77-88. 41. Fakayode, O.S. and Ugwumba, A.A.A. (2012) Effects of Replacement of Fishmeal with Palm Grub (Oryctes rhinoceros (Linnaeus, 1758) Meal on the Growth of Clarias gariepinus(Burchell, 1822) and Heterobranchus longifilis (Valenciennes, 1840) Fingerlings. Journal of Fisheries Aquatic Science 8(1): 101-107. http://www.docdrive.com/pdf/academicjournals/fas 42. Monebi, C.O. and Ugwumba, A.A.A. (2013) Utilization of the earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae in the diet of Heteroclarias fingerlings International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture 5(2) – 19-25. http://www.academic journals.orgs/jfa/pdf
(iii) ARTICLES THAT HAVE ALREADY APPEARED IN CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS: 43. Ezenwa, B.; Ugwumba, A.A.A.; Anyanwu, P.E.; and Alegbeleye, A.O. (1985). Culturable fish seeds in the Nigerian Waters - A Research Survey (1978-1985). Proc. Fish. Soc. Nig. Pp. 99-112.
44. Ugwumba, A. A. A. (1988). Food and feeding habits of fishes. Proceedings of the Nation wide Fish Farmers Workshop. (Sponsor: Directorate of Food, Roads and Rural Infracstructure – DFRRI), organized by Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, Lagos, Pp142-147.
45. Otubusin, S.O.; Ezeri N.G.O.; Ugwumba O.A. and Ugwumba A.A.A. (1998). Editors, Sustainable Utilization of Aquatic / Wetland Resources. Nigerian Association for Aquatic Sciences, Selected Papers from 9th/10th Annual Conference (30th November-2nd December, 1995), 350p.
46. Ugwumba, A.A.A. and Abumoye, O.O. (1998). Growth response of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings fed live maggots from poultry droppings. In: Sustainable Utilization of Aquatic/Wetlands Resources. Nigerian Association for Aquatic Sciences Selected Papers from 9th/10th Annual Conference, 1998(Editors, Otubusin et. al.). Pp 60-66.
47. Ugwumba, O.A. and Ugwumba, A.A.A., Bubu, O. and Sowunmi, A.A. (1998). Induced ovulation, artificial spawning, survival and early growth of larvae of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell,1822). In: Sustainable Utilization of Aquatic/Wetland Resources. Nigerian Association for Aquatic Sciences Selected Papers from 9th/10th Annual Conference, 1988 (Editors, Otubusin, et. al.), Pp 83-97.
48. Ugwumba, A.A.A.; Ugwumba, O.A.; Jimoh, M. and Adegbola F. (1998). Carbohydrases in the digestive tract of Oreochromis niloticus (Linaeus), Sarotherodon galilaeus (Artedi), Tilapia zillii (Gervais), Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) and Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (Lacepede). In: Sustainable Utilization of Aquatic/Wetland Resources. Nigerian Association for Aquatic Sciences Selected Papers from 9th/10th Annual Conference, 1988 (Editors, Otubusin et. al.). Pp 123-130.
49. Adeleye, A.A.; Ezeri, G.N.O.; Ugwumba, A.A.A. and Adekoya, B.B. (1998). Comparative evaluation of the smoke-curing efficiency of Chorkor Oven and Improved Box Oven. In: Sustainable Utilization of Aquatic/Wetland Resources .Nigerian Association for Aquatic Sciences Selected Papers from 9th/10thAnnual Conference,1988 (Editors, Otubusin, et. al.) Pp160-164
50. Akinwande, A. A.; Moody, F. O.; Sogbesan, O. A. and Ugwumba, A. A. A. (2004). Haematological response of Heterobranchus longifilis fed varying dietary Protein levels. Proceedings of the Fisheries Society of Nigeria (FISON) 2004, Pp 715-718.
51. Ugwumba, A. A. A. and Ajewole, O. I. (2009). Data and Result Presentation. Proceedings of a Workshop on Data Collection, Management and Analysis in Academic Research (Edited by Labode et al.,) Pp 117-155
(iv) TECHNICAL REPORTS AND MONOGRAPHS: 52. Ugwumba, A.A.A. (1998). Food and feedings habits of juveniles of some culturable fish species in Nigeria. Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research Technical Paper No. 31, 24p.
53. Ugwumba A.A.A. (1991). Harvesting of Fish. Presented at the monthly Technology Review Meeting (MTRM) of Ogun State Agricultural Development Project (OGADEP), Abeokuta, Nigeria, December, 1991.
54. Ugwumba, A.A.A. (1992). Harvesting Techniques for Resource-limited Fish Farmers. Presented at the MTRM of Osun State Agricultural Development Project (OSSADEP), Iwo, Nigeria, March, 1992.
55. Ugwumba, A.A.A. (1992). Fish Processing, Preservation and Marketing: Equipments and procedures. Presented at the Monthly Technology Review Meeting (MTRM) of Ogun State Agricultural Development Project (OGADEP), Abeokuta, August, 1992.
56. Ugwumba, A.A.A. (1993). Post-harvest Loss in Fisheries and Remedies. Presented at the National Fisheries Workshop for Agricultural Development Project held at Makurdi, Nigeria February, 1993.
57. Ugwumba, A.A.A. (1993). Management in Aquaculture. Presented at the MTRM of Ogun State Agricultural Development Project (OGADEP) Abeokuta, Nigeria. March, 1993.
58. Ugwumba, A.A.A. (1994). Culturable Fish Species and Relative Stocking Ratios in Polyculture. Presented at the MTRM of Ogun State Agricultural Development Project (OGADEP), Abeokuta, Nigeria. March 1994.
59. Ugwumba, A.A.A. (1994). Fish Processing. Presented at the MTRM of Oyo State Agricultural Development Project (OYSADEP), Iwo, Nigeria, February, 1994.
60. Ugwumba, A.A.A. and Ugwumba, O.A. (2002). Fish Diseases. Presented at the Workshop on Health Issues organised by Fisheries Society of Nigeria (FISON), University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2002.
61. Ugwumba, A.A.A. (2002). Fisheries Activities in Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC). West, Warri. A report on sabbatical (project) activities presented at Sabbaticals’ Workshop organized by Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) held in Port Harcourt, Feb. 2003.
62. Ugwumba, A. A. A. (2008). Physico-chemical parameters of freshwaters. Training Workshop on Freshwater snails of Nigeria and their and Veterinary Importance. Organized by Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
63. Ugwumba, A. A. A. (2009). Data Management in Bioscience Research I:Data presentation. Workshop on Genetics and Molecular Biology Approaches to Disease Control and Environmental Pollution Management in Nigeria. Organized by Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
XII. RESEARCH FOCUS:
My interest in fish biology particularly at the initial stage of my career led to several studies on the food and feeding habits, age and growth, as well as reproductive biology of many fish species in many water bodies in Nigeria. These studies provided very useful information for rational exploitation of the fish species in the various water bodies. More recently such studies are aimed at providing vital information for artificial production of local ornamental fish species for aquaria aquaculture, and also the use of local plants as anesthetic during transportation of live fish
Nutritional studies on the biochemical composition, energy levels and absorption of nutrients in the food consumed from the wild, as well as activities of digestive enzymes in the alimentary canal of culturable fish species studied, provided valuable base-line information necessary for formulation of adequate artificial feeds for culture fishes and also for selection of the right live food to culture for fishes.
My research in aquaculture primarily focused on culture, evaluation and utilization of non-conventional animal fish feed ingredients such as maggots, earthworm, palm grub, tadpole, garden snail and termites in the replacement of fish meal in diets of cultured fish. Results from this research on supplementation of fish meal with these cheap, yet adequate feed materials have significantly reduced running cost of fish culture enterprise by resource-poor fish farmers. Several publications and postgraduate degrees emanated from this line of research. Furthermore, the Ph.D Thesis from this research won the Best Ph.D Thesis Award in Biological Science within the Nigeria University System in 2007, under the Nigerian Universities Doctoral Thesis Award Scheme (NUDTAS) of The Nigerian Universities Commission.
More recent interest on environmental biology and pollution stimulated the research on limnological assessments of some inland and coastal water bodies to establish the impact of anthropogenic discharges/inputs on aquatic organisms. The studies have revealed pollution status of the water bodies studied with recommendations of remedy measures.
XIII. TEN PUBLICATIONS WHICH BEST REFLECT MY CONTRIBUTIONS TO SCHOLARSHIP AND RESEARCH
1. Ugwumba, A. A. A. and Ugwumba, O. A. (2007). Food and Feeding Ecology of Fishes in Nigeria. Crystal Publishers, Lagos, 97pp.
The need for a book on aspects of the biology of fish based on indigenous species, (in order to enhance easy understanding of the subject by our students) prompted the writing of this book. In the book, the use of examples of fishes commonly found in Nigeria and the many research works carried out in Nigeria were used to explain the food, feeding habits and feeding inter-relationships of fishes. Structural morphology and nutritional physiology were related to the feeding habits of fishes in Nigeria. Finally, the book ends with nutrition in aquaculture including, enrichment of culture enclosures, food conversion and utilization and the use of cheap but adequate sources of protein for artificial fish feeds (all with the major aim of reducing cost of feeding fishes during culture). This book is not only useful to undergraduate and postgraduate students of fisheries in tertiary institutions, but also to researchers in fisheries and aquaculture as well as fish farmers.
2. Ugwumba, A.A.A.(1989).Carbohydrases in the digestive tract of the cichlid fish Sarotherodon melanotheron (Ruppell). J. Expt. Appl. Biol.1: 44-56. The manuscript revealed the presence of amylase and maltase as well as the absence of sucrase, lactase and cellulase in the stomach and intestine of the black-jaw tilapia. Optimum pH for amylase activity was established and the strength of amylase activity showed the capability of the species to cope with plant food.
5. Ugwumba, A.A.A. (1992) The food and feeding habits of Heterotis niloticus (Teleostei: Osteoglossidae) in a small tropical man-made lake in Ibadan, Nigeria. J. Afri. Zool.106:113-123.
The paper reports the dietary composition and feeding habits of various size groups of the species. Size, diurnal and seasonal variations in food and feeding habits of the species were revealed with overlaps in the food of the various sizes from planktophagous, benthophagous to herbivorous feeding.
6. Ugwumba, A.A.A and Adebisi, A. (1992). The food and feeding ecology of Sarotherodon melanotheron (Ruppell) in a small fresh water reservoir in Ibadan Nigeria. Arch. Hydrobiol. 124(3): 367-382.
The manuscript reports the food and feeding ecology for the first time of a brackish water tilapia introduced into an inland freshwater lake. The success of the species in the new habitat includes a dietary diversification in feeding comparable to those in brackish water. Effective utilization of available food suggest an adaptation to reduce possible competition for food. The results suggest a bright potential in fresh water culture.
7. Ugwumba, A.A.A. (1993) Carbohydrases in the digestive tract of the African bony- tongue Heterotis niloticus (Pisces: Osteoglossidae) Hydrobiologia 257: 95-100.
The study also revealed the presence of amylase and maltase as well as the absence of sucrase, lactase and cellulase in the stomach and intestine of the African bony tongue. Optimum pH for amylase activity was established and the strength of amylase activity showed the capability of the species to cope with plant food.
11. Ugwumba, A.A.A. and Kusemiji, K. (1994). The food and feeding habits of the non-cichlid fishes in the Lekki Lagoon, Nigeria. Nig. J. Sc. 28(4):281-384.
The diverse trophic interrelationship of the non-cichlid stocks and food web of the lagoon is revealed in this study of their food and feeding habits. Ability to overlap major dietary items points towards prevention of competition for available food, an adaptation vital to their survival and success.
13. Ugwumba, A.A.A; Ugwumba O.A. and Okunola A.O. (2001). Utilization of maggot as supplementary feed on the growth of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell,1822) fingerlings. Nig. J. Sc. 35 (1): 1-7.
This report confirmed my first investigation on the use of live maggot as supplementary food for fish. Furthermore, it revealed the best level of supplementation as 50% live maggot to obtain optimum growth and nutrient utilization.
16. Akinwande, A.A.; Ugwumba, A.A.A.; and Ugwumba, O.A. (2002). Effects of replacement of fish meal with maggot meal in the diet of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) fingerlings. The Zoologist 1(2):41-49.
This paper investigated the use of maggot meal as an alternative protein source to fish meal in formulated fish feeds. It revealed that maggot meal can completely replace fish meal in fish feeds and also confirmed 50% replacement level as best for optimum growth and nutrient utilization. This paper therefore further confirmed maggot meal as a cheap yet suitable alternative to fish meal in fish feeds.
26. Sogbesan, A.O., Ugwumba, A.A.A and Madu, C.T. (2007) Productivity potentials and nutritional values of semi-arid zone earthworm (Hyperiodrilus Euryaulos; Clausen, 1967) cultured in organic wastes as fish meal supplement. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 10(2):409-414.
This paper revealed that the most suitable substrate for production of the semi-arid zone earthworm is cellulose. Adoption of earthworm culture using cellulose substrate is a major improvement and exploitation of this biotechnology would not only provide a suitable animal protein supplement for fish meal but will also be a way of recycling organic waste disposal through recycling. This paper is part of the research that won the Best Ph.D Thesis Award in Biological Science within the Nigerian University System in 2007, under the Nigerian Universities Doctoral Thesis Award Scheme (NUDTAS) of The Nigerian Universities Commission.
48. Ugwumba, O.A.and Ugwumba, A.A.A. (1998). Induced ovulation, artificial spawning, survival and early growth of larvae of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell,1822). In: Sustainable Utilization of Aquatic/Wetland Resources. Nigerian Association for Aquatic Sciences Selected Papers from 9th/10th Annual Conference, 1988 (Editors, Otubusin, et. al.).Pp 83-97.
African aquaculture may fulfill its potential when a broader range of indigenous candidate species are evaluated and their culture developed. The Limpe method of induced breeding resulted into a yield of up to 56,000 eggs from a 480g fish. Larval production was high, about 70% of fertilized eggs. The technique is a desirable alternative with advantages in terms of effectiveness of induction and reduced stress of broodstock.
XIV. MAJOR CONFERENCES AND WORKSHOP ATTENDED (IN THE LAST TEN YEARS) WITH PAPERS READ:
(a) Health Issues in Fish Production. A Workshop Organized by Fisheries Society of Nigeria (FISON), University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2002. - Fish Diseases. (b) National Zoology Conference in Honour of Prof. F.M.A. Ukoli. Organized by Department of Zoology. University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 2002. - Digestive strategies in the black-jaw tilapia Sarotherodon melanotheron from Awba Reservoir, Ibadan. - Effects of replacement of fish meal with maggot meal in the diet of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) fingerlings. - Aquaculture options and the future of fish supply in Nigeria. (c) Organic Manure and Biogas Production. A Workshop Organized by Shell Petroleum development Company, Warri, Delta State, Nigeria. 2002. (d) Fisheries Society of Nigeria (FISON), Ilorin, Nigeria, 2004. - Heamatological response of Heterobranchus longifilis fed varying dietary Protein levels (e) Zoological Society of Nigeria, Zaria, Nigeria, 2004. - Physical, chemical and benthic faunal characteristics of a southern Nigeria reservoir. (f) Fisheries Society of Nigeria (FISON), Port Harcourt, Nigeria, 2005. - Effects of replacement of fishmeal with duckweed (Lemna paucicostata) meal on the growth of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) fingerlings. - Growth response and cost benefits of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) (Pisces: Clariidae) fingerlings fed water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) meal as plant protein supplement. (g) Workshop on Data Collection, Management and Analysis in Academic Research. Organized by Postgraduate School, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 2008. - Data and results presentation. (h) Training Workshop on Freshwater snails of Nigeria and their and Veterinary Importance. Organized by Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2008.
- Physico-chemical parameters of freshwaters.
(i) Scientific Conference on Fisheries, Basrah, University of Basra, Iraq, 2009. - Preservation quality of unskinned dried tadpole meal supplemented fish feeds. (j) Genetics and Molecular Biology Approaches to Disease Control and Environmental. (k) Pollution Management in Nigeria. Organized by Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2009.
- Data management in bioscience research I:Data presentation.
(l) Zoological Society of Nigeria, Ibadan, 2010. - Physico-chemical parameters and plankton community of Egbe Reservoir, Ekiti State, Nigeria. - Efficiency of treated tadpole meal as fish meal substitute in the diet of Heterotis niloticus fingerlings. - Composition and abundance of macrobenthos of Majidun River, Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria. (m) Nigeria Society of Experimental Biology Annual Scientific Conference. Lagos, 2011
- Physico-chemistry of Majidun River, Lagos State
(n) Fisheries Society of Nigeria (FISON), Lagos, Nigeria, 2011. - Effects of replacement of fishmeal with palm grub (Oryctes rhinoceros Linnaeus, 1758) meal on the growth of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) and Heterobranhus longifilis (Valenciennes, 1840) fingerlings. (o) 3rd Biennial Conference of Ecological Society of Nigeria (EcSN), Uyo, 2011 - Physico-chemical parameters and macroinvertebrates of Ogunpa River at Bodija, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. (p) 9th Indian Fisheries Forum (IFF) Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, 2011 - Water stability and shelf-life of treated tadpole meal as substitute for fish meal in the diet for catfish (q) Zoological Society of Nigeria Annual Conference, Ibadan 2011 - Physico-chemical parameters and plankton of Awba Reservoir University of Ibadan, Ibadan Nigeria. - The Plankton community of Majidun River, Ikorodu, Lagos State. - Production and Utilization of Earthworm (Eudrilus euginae) in the diet of Heteroclarias Fingerlings - Genetic Characterization of fin fish species from the Warri River at Ubeji, Niger Delta - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon analysis of water sediment and fin fish from the Warri River at Ubeji, Niger Delta (r) Aquatic Society of Nigeria, Uyo 2012. - Morphometrics, meristic counts and aspects of food and feeding habits of reticulate knifefish, Papyrocranus afer, (Gunther, 1868) from Lekki Lagoon, Lagos State.
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(2005). Effects of replacement of fishmeal